腹壁可紧贴肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 凹尿管溃疡A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )凹尿管溃疡常见于凹和膀胱之间，一般来说毗邻凹尿管的下1/3 ，但也可常见于大部分毗邻凹下。这些溃疡可显出为完全无调谐或高调谐。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 绘出11A，凹尿管溃疡，此溃疡已受感染，内部含微弱调谐的混合物。B，凹尿管溃疡，关系紧张的溃疡前壁造成了反射伪影。

..Endometriosis输卵管心肌壁特异连续性Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).纵隔输卵管心肌壁特异连续性是输卵管手术后的长时间合并症，无特别显出，但可于以前手术的瘢痕西南方见一局部肿物，并有周期连续性的头痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 绘出12 ，剖宫产伤疤西南方输卵管心肌壁特异连续性

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 纵隔血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于发作连续性肠胃后、喷嚏或抑郁症发作后，其根本原因一般来说是抗凝疗程或出血连续性营养不良。由于血肿管制于腹直肌鞘内，一般来说不很大，其圆形根据所西南方后方而定，在突起两条路线以上，血肿间或卵圆形，长轴呈上下同方向，可于一侧只见（绘出13A）；在突起两条路线都有，由于腹白两条路线缺如，可扩大行进中两条路线，因此血肿显出为分叶状，其最大宽度毗邻横轴上。在男婴纵隔血肿可常见于凹上外侧扩大（绘出13B、C）。术后发散连续性心肌内肾脏的病人可于纵隔手术瘢痕西南方只见大的血肿（绘出13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 绘出13A，一中年妇女剧烈肠胃后腹直肌鞘血肿，斜两条路线通知腹横筋膜。B，男婴纵隔血肿。C，一男婴凹静脉附着西南方上面的纵隔血肿。UV，凹静脉。D，一发散连续性心肌内肾脏的剖宫产术后病人疤痕西南方纵隔血肿。

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